急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后老年患者心脏康复早期生活空间现状及影响因素研究

背景　急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后存在诸多并发症，尤其是术后心脏康复早期，医护人员应对该阶段患者进行跟踪。生活空间能反映术后心脏康复情况，但目前PCI后生活空间的研究较少。目的　分析急诊PCI前后患者生活空间变化及术后生活空间的影响因素。方法　采用便利抽样法，选取2018年1月-2019年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行急诊PCI的119名患者为研究对象。采用一般资料及疾病信息采集表、中国老年人生活空间评价量表（LSA-C）、冠心病自我管理行为量表（CSMS）对其进行调查，并于患者出院后6个月进行电话随访。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨CSMS得分与LSA-C得分的相关性，采用多元线性回归分析探讨急诊PCI后患者LSA-C总分的影响因素。结果　不同文化程度、常住地、既往病史（高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病）、是否首次PCI情况的PCI后患者LSA-C总分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。急诊PCI后卧室外活动、小区内活动、小区附近街道或村镇活动得分及LSA-C总分高于PCI前，本市其他街道或村镇活动得分低于PCI前（P<0.05）。日常生活管理、疾病医学管理、情绪管理得分及CSMS总分与室外公寓大楼内活动、小区内活动、本市其他街道或村镇活动得分及LSA-C总分均呈正相关（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，CSMS总分（β=1.287）、既往高血压（β=-4.515）是急诊PCI后患者LSA-C总分的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　急诊PCI后生活空间得分高于PCI前，主要为中小范围活动得分有所提升，大范围活动仍受限。自我管理能力低、既往有高血压是急诊PCI后老年患者生活空间恢复的危险因素。     

心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量及其影响因素的多水平模型分析

目的 探讨心血管疾病患者的健康相关生命质量及其影响因素,为改善患者生命质量提供参考。 方法 选取2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)中符合要求的心血管疾病患者1 201例,收集患者及地区信息,基于欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)测量健康效用值反映其健康相关生命质量。采用K-W检验对患者和地区因素进行单因素分析。以患者水平为水平1,地区水平为水平2,建立两水平回归模型,分析患者和地区因素对心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量的影响。 结果 健康效用值平均值为0.749±0.166。单因素分析结果显示,心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量的影响因素包括性别、受教育水平、婚姻状况、是否患有高血压、是否患有心脏病、是否患有中风、睡眠时长、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、每周中等强度体力活动时间、社交活动频率、体质量指数(BMI)、所在地区(P<0.05)。多水平模型结果显示,对心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量有显著影响的因素有性别、受教育水平、婚姻状况、是否患有高血压病、是否患有血脂异常、是否患有心脏病、是否患有中风、吸烟状况、每周中等强度体力活动时间、社交活动频率、BMI以及地区水平的地区因素(P<0.05)。 结论 提高心血管疾病患者的健康相关生命质量既要考虑受教育水平、吸烟状况、BMI等个体因素,还应考虑不同地区患者的异质性,从而制定不同地区的针对性策略。     

一测多评法同时测定九味沉香胶囊中9种成分

目的 建立一测多评法同时测定九味沉香胶囊(沉香、广枣、黄芪等)中沉香四醇、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、木香羟内酯、去氢木香内酯、肉豆蔻木脂素、去氢二异丁香酚的含有量.方法 该药物甲醇提取液的分析采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相[乙腈-甲醇(9∶1)]-0.1%甲酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长225、254、270 nm.以木香羟内酯为内标,计算其他8种成分的相对校正因子,测定含有量.结果 9种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999 0),平均加样回收率96.95%~ 100.12%,RSD 0.73%~ 1.51%.一测多评法所得结果与外标法接近.结论 该方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于九味沉香胶囊的质量控制.     

Family history of cancer and subsequent risk of cancer: A large-scale population-based prospective study in Japan

Family history (FH) of cancer is an important factor of increased risk of several cancers. Although the association between FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk has been reported in many previous epidemiological studies, no comprehensive prospective study with adjustment for lifestyle habits has evaluated the association of FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk. We investigated the association between FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk in a Japanese population-based prospective study, initiated in 1990 for cohort I and in 1993 for cohort II. We analyzed data on 103,707 eligible subjects without a history of cancer who responded to a self-administered questionnaire including FH of cancer at baseline. Study subjects were followed through 2012 and analyzed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. During 1,802,581 person-years of follow-up, a total of 16,336 newly diagnosed cancers were identified. Any site (Hazard ratios = 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.15]), esophagus (2.11 [1.00–4.45]), stomach (1.36 [1.19–1.55]), liver (1.69 [1.10–2.61]), pancreas (2.63 [1.45–4.79]), lung (1.51 [1.14–2.00]), uterus (1.93 [1.06–3.51]) and bladder cancers (6.06 [2.49–14.74]) with FH of the concordant cancer were associated with an increased risk compared to those without FH. Our findings suggest that having FH of cancer is associated with an increased risk of several concordant cancer incidences in an Asian population. Enquiring about FH of several types of cancer may be important in identifying groups at high-risk of those cancers.     

Interval breast cancer risk associations with breast density,family history and breast tissue aging

Interval breast cancers (those diagnosed between recommended mammography screens) generally have poorer outcomes and are more common among women with dense breasts. We aimed to develop a risk model for interval breast cancer. We conducted a nested case–control study within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study involving 168 interval breast cancer patients and 498 matched control subjects. We measured breast density using the CUMULUS software. We recorded first-degree family history by questionnaire, measured body mass index (BMI) and calculated age-adjusted breast tissue aging, a novel measure of exposure to estrogen and progesterone based on the Pike model. We fitted conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) or odds ratio per adjusted standard deviation (OPERA) and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The stronger risk associations were for unadjusted percent breast density (OPERA = 1.99; AUC = 0.66), more so after adjusting for age and BMI (OPERA = 2.26; AUC = 0.70), and for family history (OR = 2.70; AUC = 0.56). When the latter two factors and their multiplicative interactions with age-adjusted breast tissue aging (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) were fitted, the AUC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.69–0.77), equivalent to a ninefold interquartile risk ratio. In summary, compared with using dense breasts alone, risk discrimination for interval breast cancers could be doubled by instead using breast density, BMI, family history and hormonal exposure. This would also give women with dense breasts, and their physicians, more information about the major consequence of having dense breasts—an increased risk of developing an interval breast cancer.     

朱启勇辨治复发性口疮思路

本文主要总结朱启勇教授诊治复发性口疮的思路与经验,认为复发性口疮与脏腑的虚、实、寒、热密切相关,并将复发性口疮分为胃热证、肺阴虚证、脾虚证3种证型,分别给予清降胃热、养阴清热、健脾益气治疗。     

中药治疗卒中后认知障碍疗效和安全性的系统评价

目的:评价中药治疗卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)的疗效与安全性。方法:计算机检索中国知网数据库,万方数据库,维普数据库,中国生物医学文献数据库,PubMed,The Cochrane library和ClinicalTrials.gov共7个数据库,纳入中药治疗PSCI的随机对照试验(RCT)。使用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评价,并对纳入研究进行描述性分析,应用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta定量分析。结果:共纳入16项RCT,1296例受试者,干预组649例,对照组647例。研究结果显示中药联合西药组和中药组干预在改善PSCI患者蒙特利尔认知评估量表,简易精神状态检查量表,Barthel指数评定量表,日常生活能力量表,中国脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表的评分上均优于西药组,且未见严重的不良反应。结论:中药在改善PSCI患者的认知功能水平方面具有潜在优势,对改善日常生活能力及神经功能缺损症状也有一定疗效,并未观察到严重不良事件。本文纳入研究的方法学质量不高,建议后续开展高质量的RCT来研究中药治疗PSCI的疗效和安全性,为该疾病的临床诊疗提供决策依据。